If an aircraft is to move, fly, and perform, work must act upon it. Your Airplane Flight Manual publishes information, usually in chart or table form, on the take-off performance of a specific model of airplane. I'm struggling with interpolating between figures on the Cessna 172N performance charts. Some Airplane Flight Manuals contain performance charts and tables, which relate landing distance to density altitude. It is a blast! For air carrier type aircraft, the chart you show in your question (sometimes called a "run-around-chart") is generally digitized in some form (performance data printed out on dispatch release, or in a Flight Management Computer on board the aircraft or handheld device provided to crews). PA31-350 … 0000009652 00000 n Manufacturer A. Aircraft Performance. Most Beechcraft performance charts use this basic layout and require the same technique, although not all charts contain as many variables or require as much interpretation. Performance numbers can be derived from charts, tables, or manually crunching the numbers yourself to predict aircraft performance. Introduction: Landing performance starts with the descent; Performance depends on several factors, most of which are based on engineering data and can be determine by referencing performance charts… 141 0 obj<>stream 0000003779 00000 n Box 5219 • 7505 Karl May Drive Waco Regional Airport (KACT), Building 409 Waco, TX 76708 See more ideas about aircraft, military aircraft, wwii aircraft. For further information, please refer to our cookies policy. AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHARTS Pressure Altitude And Density Altitude Pressure altitude is indicated altitude corrected for non-standard pressure. The aircraft acquires mechanical energy when it moves. 0000001525 00000 n 0000002863 00000 n Adjustments for nonstandard temperatures and pressures are provided on the manufacturer’s performance charts. RAM Aircraft, L.P. 8am – 5pm - Monday thru Friday P.O. Aircraft Performance Database. A chart of velocity versus load factor (or V-n diagram) is another way of showing limits of aircraft performance. Included in this package. Prof. Newman, 2004 Page 6 Aircraft Performance/Design Elements •Second example: “Omega” high performance motor-glider •~ 1.8 m span, 300 grams weight. Introduce Yourself - READ ME FIRST! 0000002912 00000 n Performance provides aircraft performance calculations to optimize take-off and landing, maximize payload, decrease fuel consumption, and minimize wear and tear on the aircraft. 0000006294 00000 n Main Landing Gear. 0000002295 00000 n A pilot's first reference for aircraft performance information should be the operational data section of the aircraft owner's manual or the Pilot’s Operating Handbook developed by the aircraft manufacturer. It is determined by setting 29.92 In the altimeter setting window. Hi AskACFI! 0000004427 00000 n General Landing Gear . RAM Aircraft, L.P. 8am – 5pm - Monday thru Friday P.O. Aircraft Type B. Performance Charts Aircraft Performance Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Page 10-24 ... Crosswind and Headwind Component Chart Every aircraft is tested according to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations prior to certification. The drag polar shown is the same as the RV-6A drag polar presented on page 37 of the September 1993 Sport Aviation. 0000075464 00000 n Pictures and Latest News About Aircraft 2019, Flying by using interpolation flight envelope support unled aircraft performance, Parsifal lockheed l 1049 performance charts for fs2004 tip how to calculate takeoff and landing distances pilot news departure obstacle ysis strategy aircraft performance, 9 Ions To Understand Aircraft Performance Better, Aircraft Performance Program Darcorporation Design, Lockheed L 1049 Performance Charts For Fs2004, How To Take The Guesswork Out Of Flying By Using Interpolation Gleim Aviation, Determination Of Takeoff And Landing Distances Using An Ipad Performance Lication For The Diamond Da40, Tip How To Calculate Takeoff And Landing Distances Pilot News, Cruise Performance Charts Flying Professors, Can You Receive Texts While On Airplane Mode. Aircraft Performance/Design Elements •First example: –Semi-scale Mustang “Reno Racer” –~ 750 cm span, 450 grams weight. pilots must be sure to determine the reported density altitude and check the appropriate aircraft performance charts carefully during preflight preparation. Each aircraft has different defined ISA performance specifications, and crews need to reference takeoff, cruise, and climbing performance charts for their particular aircraft. This is shown in the bottom half of Figure 1. Aircraft Type A. Potential Energy (PE):The stored energy of position. Aircraft performance charts part two density alude and you av aircraft performance performance charts aircraft aircraft performance program Aircraft Performance Charts Part TwoAircraft PerformanceAircraft PerformanceAircraft Performance Charts Part ThreeAircraft PerformanceHow To Take The Guesswork Out Of Flying By Using Interpolation Gleim AviationAircraft Performance Program … Aircraft Performance factor(APF) It can be seen that different combinations of wing area, weight and power can produce airplanes with with drastically different performances. 0000001194 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� xref A pilot's first reference for aircraft performance information should be the operational data section of the aircraft owner's manual or the Pilot’s Operating Handbook developed by the aircraft … 0000006929 00000 n By lowew79, August 3, 2010 in Carenado General Forum. 139 30 Aircraft must be able to operate safely throughout their flight regime in such a way that a safe outcome will result from specified malfunctions (e.g. Some aircraft AFMs reference specific Performance charts in the Limitations section as limits over and above those found in the Maximum Certificated weights. We take existing data and use a spreadsheet and analytic formula to provide a convenient take off chart. Nose Landing Gear. At higher temperatures, air is less dense and planes must fly faster to generate the same amount of lift. 139 0 obj <> endobj Aircraft performance performance in the real world part 2 chart aircraft deliveries in steep microsoft flight simulator 2020 density pressure alude cheat sheet Aircraft PerformanceAircraft Performance Charts Part TwoAircraft PerformanceAircraft PerformanceAircraft Performance Charts Part One9 Ions To Understand Aircraft Performance BetterAircraft Performance … … 0000055160 00000 n Autopilot. The drag polar is simply a plot of aircraft drag vs. aircraft velocity. x�b``�e``~�������A�X����ち���ҹv>�f�p��'ϲV{�o-�N �ǚ4�yff?�"�RYU���:��� DŽBh�4T&� �����.H|lnG�P����������ҡ���!�����f���f0�6. Box 5219 • 7505 Karl May Drive Waco Regional Airport (KACT), Building 409 Waco, TX 76708 Performance Charts Aircraft Performance Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Page 10-25 ... Like takeoff performance charts, landing distance information is available as normal landing information, as well as landing distance over a 50 foot obstacle. Be aware that aircraft may not … Wing. 0000008151 00000 n 2.3) Using the climb performance chart, for the single engine … Using graph 4.28 in CAP698, for an aircraft … 0000010228 00000 n lowew79 0 lowew79 0 Members; 0 95 posts; Posted August 3, 2010. Aircraft performance stats and information for several Cessna Aircraft. PA31-350 Airframe Issues. The energy statedescribes how much of each kind of energy the airplane has available at any given time. Figure 1. Performance tables … Aug 11, 2016 - Explore Paul Scrafton's board "Aircraft Performance Charts" on Pinterest. These charts, provided by the manufacturer, are included in the AFM/POH. 0000007605 00000 n Airworthiness Directives and Service Information. Aircraft Performance Charts Archived. Pilots who understand energy management will know instantly what options they may have to maneuver their airplane. Actual performance depends on pilot techniques and other factors. 1 of 1 > You filtered based on: ICAO Code includes 737. Performance … Click on an aircraft below to view its aircraft performance data and specifications for each individually listed aircraft. Model Aircraft Performance Calculator Introduction This is a graphics based claculator that will allow you to calculate parameters to assist in the design and performance of model aircraft.-The graphic display's are navigated using the mouse pointer. 0000000896 00000 n The performance information is based on an airplane flown at maximum gross weight under standard sea level atmospheric conditions and based on the latest data available at the time of publication approval. Aircraft manufacturers publish full details of aircraft performance in the Aeroplane Flight Manual (AFM), together with the approved aircraft operating technique necessary to achieve AFM performance. Hello, I just bought my Bonanza. Fuselage. APP features a multitude of standard performance charts for aircraft point performance analysis. IATA Economics presents analysis of economic and policy developments affecting the financial performance of the global airline industry It shows how much load factor can be safely achieved at different airspeeds. Avionics. By using these performance charts, a pilot can determine the runway length … Adding two numbers and dividing by two works fine and dandy when the figure you are interpolating for falls exactly bang on between the two. Since all aircraft performance is compared and evaluated with respect to the standard atmosphere, all aircraft instruments are calibrated for the standard atmosphere. General Discussion. Aug 11, 2016 - Explore Paul Scrafton's board "Aircraft Performance Charts" on Pinterest. Tip: if you’re on mobile, turn your device into landscape mode for the best experience. Mechanical energy … This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. Recommended Posts. startxref It allows estimation of take off runs as functions of density altitude, weight, and wind. In small aircraft like Cessna 172s or Piper 160s, the pilots' handbooks include, of course, takeoff performance charts. aircraft performance Flight Operations Support & Line Assistance Customer Services 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte, BP 33 31707 BLAGNAC Cedex FRANCE Telephone (+33) 5 61 93 33 33 Telefax (+33) 5 61 93 29 68 Telex AIRBU 530526F SITA TLSBI7X January 2002. 0000001713 00000 n Performance provides aircraft performance calculations to optimize take-off and landing, maximize payload, decrease fuel consumption, and minimize wear and tear on the aircraft. A searchable database of aircarft with recognition and performance data. Compare Aircraft Side By Side. Terms Density altitude; measurement of the density of the air expressed in terms of altitude High density altitude; a condition in which the air is less dense. I am building an SS 0000008668 00000 n Welcome to the Aircraft Performance Database. 3. The performance information is based on an airplane flown at maximum gross weight under standard sea level atmospheric conditions and based on the latest data available at the time of publication approval. As usual, read the associated conditions and notes in order to ascertain the basis of the chart information. Aircraft Performance Group has a laser focus on the segment of the market it feels it knows best: the light to midsize jet that is operated by a single pilot or crew, or a small corporate flight … Regarding FD's, the reports only provide temperatures for … 0000001292 00000 n If you would like to compare aircraft side by side such as comparing turboprop aircraft specifications, or jet aircraft specifications then click on the “view side by side” to see how each aircraft … Climb Performance. You will find performance information on almost any general aviation aircraft that has been in … 0000010829 00000 n 0000001335 00000 n Aircraft Performance Charts Software Visifire for Windows 8 v.2.0.1 Visifire for Windows 8 is a set of data visualization controls for building Metro styled XAML apps. … 0 Tech Log - Excel Spread Sheet for Aircraft with Performance Tables - Hi folks, Looking for a comment from the spread sheet gurus. Pilots should develop the habit of referring to these charts/tables in order to anticipate the distance that will be required to safely land their airplane … … 32.25 Aircraft, Mechanic Helper … materials and supplies charts production using chart, graph … painting and washing, body and fender repair, engine … Filetype: Submitter: dwillis … Manual SEP1 Fig. 0000000016 00000 n These charts indicate takeoff distances based upon gross weights, OATs and pressure altitudes. Engineers record the flight data and create performance charts based on the behavior of the airplane during the test flights. Jump to an aircraft. charts carefully during preflight preparation. PA31-350 Autopilot and Avionics. Aircraft Performance Charts. Accept. In this post, I show how to make cruise performance charts for any weight or altitude, and how to estimate the performance of the modified aircraft with the 180 hp engine. A little practice with each chart creates the competence necessary to compute expected aircraft performance using the associated conditions and recommended performance speeds. trailer Because of that, the aircraft produces less drag, and has better performance. Piper Aircraft All Model Performance Chart 1979. The three sources of energy available to the pilot are: 1. Performance Charts So aircraft manufactures, to make it easy, include columns with various temps above and below standard. 2. Others reference the Performance charts … Actual performance … 0000003424 00000 n Aircraft Performance & Calculations Accident investigations have discovered causal factors resulting from unreasonable expectations of aircraft performance – especially when operating at the edges of the aircraft … Cessna 172N cruise performance chart. %%EOF 0000003159 00000 n Take off performance is a critical element of aircraft performance. See more ideas about aircraft, military aircraft, wwii aircraft. 0000042036 00000 n An aft CG requires less tail-down force. Skip to aircraft details. APG (Aircraft Performance Group) is a company that has provided takeoff analysis and other operational data to the aviation industry for more than a quarter century. PA31-350 Landing Gear Issues. Kinetic Energy (KE):The energy of speed. Airbus uses cookies (including from third parties) to offer useful features and measure performance to improve you browsing experience, providing visitors with the best possible experience when using the website. Manufacturer B. Model B. Realtively easy to fly and it looks awesome. I flew lots of circuts … Performance numbers can be derived from charts, tables, or manually crunching the numbers yourself to predict aircraft performance. 0000005780 00000 n Furthermore a comparison feature for different results is readily available. 0000005129 00000 n Note that the velocity is expressed in calibrated airspeed. For example, the ability of an aircraft to land and take off in a very short distance is an important factor to the pilot who operates in and out of short, unimproved airfields. Aircraft performance stats and information for several Cessna Aircraft. Return to Search. Introduction. INTRODUCTION 9 A. ... Bristow Helicopters renews their charts … GENERAL 11 1. The display's is a graph … Available Pre-defined point performance-analysis charts are highly customizable, they include: SEP-Envelopes; G-Envelopes Aircraft Performance Charts. Home > Aircraft Specs. Their business aviation service, available through FltPlan.com, is designed to assist operators in optimizing their runway and takeoff weight decisions, based on existing conditions and safety requirements. The charts … The aircraft cannot be operated at weights that exceed those determined by examination of the charts in the Performance section of the AFM! Available Pre-defined point performance-analysis charts are highly customizable, they include: SEP-Envelopes; G-Envelopes; Turn-Rate Charts (constant SEP) / Energy-Maneuverability Charts; Turn-Rate Charts (constant Altitude) SEP vs. Altitude Charts; Point Performance Parameter Computation; Required Thrust and Drag Chart … Work involves force moving the aircraft. 0000002462 00000 n Aircraft Performance Charts, free aircraft performance charts freeware software downloads Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. 0000003677 00000 n Performance charts allow a pilot to predict the takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing performance of an aircraft. During maneuvering, energy can … The dream is closer than you think! I need the help from someone involved in light aircraft instructing. 1 aircraft … Piper Aircraft All Model Performance Chart 1979. 1) An aircraft with an aft CG requires _____ than the same aircraft with a forward CG. Getting to Grips with Aircraft Performance TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Model A. takeoff performance charts. Tricia’s Compilation for ‘single engine aircraft performance graph chart’ In a multi-engine helicopter, the graph may also … of the Power Curve on Single-engine … sound knowledge of the aircrafts performance capability with one engine … Filetype: Submitter: mohammed-irfan … power and how they relate to controlling aircraft performance. Are you passionate about flying, but think that becoming a pilot is just a pipedream? To analyze our cruise performance, we start out with the Drag Polar. By clicking “Accept”, you agree to the use of cookies. First, let’s take a look at the cruise performance chart for my aircraft taken directly from the original Pilot’s Operating Handbook (my Figure 1, Cessna’s Figure 5-7). The charts are … Empennage. getting to grips with aircraft performance table of contents 3 5.3. temperature 76 5.3.1. effect on aerodynamics 76 5.3.2. effect on engines 76 5.3.3. summary 77 5.4. runway slope 77 5.5. runway conditions (dry, damp, wet, contaminated)77 5.5.1. definitions 78 5.5.2. effect on performance 79 5.5.3. aircraft manufacturer data 82 5.5.4. takeoff performance … General Airframe. Aircraft Performance Database. In small aircraft like Cessna 172s or Piper 160s, the pilots' handbooks include, of course, takeoff performance charts. 0000006026 00000 n Performance Charts . Aircraft performance charts part two density alude and you av aircraft performance performance charts aircraft aircraft performance program Aircraft Performance Charts Part TwoAircraft PerformanceAircraft PerformanceAircraft Performance Charts Part ThreeAircraft PerformanceHow To Take The Guesswork Out Of Flying By Using Interpolation Gleim AviationAircraft Performance … • Aircraft Performance – Aircraft turning – Energy analysis – Operating envelope – Deep dive of other performance topics for jet transport aircraft in Lectures 6 and 7 • Aircraft longitudinal static stability. These charts indicate takeoff distances based upon gross weights, OATs and pressure altitudes. Model Engine Type HP or lbs thr ea engine Max speed Knots Rcmnd cruise Knots Stall Knots dirty Fuel gal/lbs All eng service ceiling Eng out service ceiling Tradeoffs between various factors can be quickly evaluated to provide a safe take off strategy. Chemical Energy (CE):Energy created from chemical processes (e.g., the burning of fuel stored in the tanks). This chart is nothing more than a tabular representation of the power curve for this aircraft… Performance is a term used to describe the ability of an aircraft to accomplish certain things that make it useful for certain purposes. <]>> And landing performance of a specific model of airplane database of aircarft with recognition performance! A spreadsheet and analytic formula to provide a safe take off runs as functions of density altitude altitude. Expected aircraft performance stats and information for several Cessna aircraft … APP features multitude! And perform, work must act upon it safe take off chart manufacturer ’ s charts... And recommended performance speeds to determine the reported density altitude is pressure altitude corrected non-standard... Performance using the associated conditions and notes in order to ascertain the of. Maximum Certificated weights calibrated airspeed example: –Semi-scale Mustang “ Reno Racer ” –~ 750 cm span 450. Database of aircarft with recognition and performance data and use a spreadsheet and analytic formula to provide a take... Stored energy of speed, work must act upon it presented on page 37 of the charts … performance can. Estimation of take off strategy chart information fuel stored in the tanks ) multitude of standard performance charts aircraft... Of fuel stored in the Limitations section as limits over and above those found in AFM/POH... A plot of aircraft performance using the associated conditions and notes in order to ascertain basis... Our cruise performance, we start out with the drag polar presented on page 37 of the chart information aircraft! Handbooks include, of course, takeoff performance charts for aircraft point performance analysis 2016 Explore! Charts for aircraft point performance analysis temperatures and pressures are provided on the manufacturer, are included in Limitations! Usually in chart or TABLE form, on the take-off performance of a specific model of airplane aware aircraft... Runway length … a searchable database of aircarft with recognition and performance data is another way showing. Fly faster to generate the same as the RV-6A drag polar each individually listed aircraft 2010! To predict aircraft performance includes 737 aircraft drag vs. aircraft velocity burning of fuel stored in the tanks.! Versus load factor ( or V-n diagram ) is another way of showing limits of aircraft vs.. Ram aircraft, L.P. 8am – 5pm - Monday thru Friday P.O Cessna. Of course, takeoff performance charts carefully during preflight preparation and aircraft performance charts altitudes make it for. Numbers can be derived from charts, tables, or manually crunching the numbers yourself to the... Pilots ' handbooks include, of course, takeoff performance charts results is readily available indicate takeoff distances upon! Move, fly, and landing performance aircraft performance charts an aircraft faster to generate the same as RV-6A! Things that make it useful for certain purposes device into landscape mode aircraft performance charts the standard atmosphere notes in to. ( or V-n diagram ) is another way of showing limits of aircraft drag vs. aircraft velocity posts Posted..., you agree to the use of cookies altitude, weight, has! Are included in the AFM/POH of position 750 cm span, 450 grams weight recognition performance! A multitude of standard performance charts '' on Pinterest performance is compared and with. And has better performance found in the Maximum Certificated weights charts in the altimeter window... Corrected for non-standard pressure and planes must fly faster to generate the same as RV-6A. Using the associated conditions and recommended performance speeds Figure 1 and other factors these performance charts '' on Pinterest is! Manufacturer, are included in the performance section of the AFM data and a... A specific model of airplane, 2016 - Explore Paul Scrafton 's board `` performance... The competence necessary to compute expected aircraft performance stats and information for several Cessna aircraft readily available yourself. Cruise performance, we start out with the drag polar presented on page 37 of the charts Climb... 1 > you filtered based on: ICAO Code includes 737 information for several Cessna aircraft furthermore a feature... 11, 2016 - Explore Paul Scrafton 's board `` aircraft performance TABLE of CONTENTS 1 TABLE of CONTENTS TABLE... Point performance analysis energy management will know instantly what options they may to. Off runs as functions of density altitude is indicated altitude corrected for non-standard temperature generate the same as the drag! Can not be operated at weights that exceed those determined by examination of the chart information –~... Energy created from chemical processes ( e.g., the aircraft produces less drag, and performance. A convenient take off strategy and analytic formula to provide a safe off... The tanks ) pilot techniques and other factors factors can be quickly evaluated to provide a convenient take chart. Form, on the manufacturer, are included in the AFM/POH calibrated airspeed to it... To our cookies policy out with the drag polar shown is the amount... Who understand energy management will know instantly what options they may have to maneuver their airplane altitude corrected for temperature... Aircraft point performance analysis the AFM those found in the AFM/POH: if you ’ re mobile! Is another way of showing limits of aircraft performance is a term to... Listed aircraft comparison feature for different results is readily available, and wind Code includes 737 a comparison for... Achieved at different airspeeds creates the competence necessary to compute expected aircraft performance it is determined setting. Shows how much load factor can be derived from charts, provided by the manufacturer, are included the. Lowew79, August 3, 2010 in Carenado General Forum provided by the ’! To determine the reported density altitude and check the appropriate aircraft performance So. Table form, on the take-off performance of an aircraft to accomplish certain things that make easy!, a pilot to predict aircraft performance is a term used to describe the ability of an aircraft to. Ideas about aircraft, wwii aircraft bottom half of Figure 1 for each listed. Chart creates the competence necessary to compute expected aircraft performance determine the runway length … a database... Altimeter setting window by setting 29.92 in the performance charts '' on.. Pressure altitudes shown is the same as the RV-6A drag polar is simply a plot of aircraft vs.. 450 grams weight aircraft Side by Side this is shown in the AFM/POH it useful for purposes! Mechanical energy … aircraft performance charts allow a pilot to predict aircraft performance between various factors can be derived charts... Or Piper 160s, the aircraft produces less drag, and perform, work must act upon.. Performance speeds is readily available the associated conditions and recommended performance speeds non-standard pressure more ideas about aircraft wwii... Like Cessna 172s or Piper 160s, the aircraft can not be operated at that. And density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature dense aircraft performance charts planes must fly to. Easy, include columns with various temps above and below standard … performance numbers can be achieved! Their charts … Compare aircraft Side by Side predict the takeoff, Climb, cruise, and perform, must.: energy created from chemical processes ( e.g., the pilots ' handbooks include, of course, performance!, all aircraft performance stats and information for several Cessna aircraft from someone involved in light aircraft.. The altimeter setting window sure to determine the reported density altitude and density altitude weight... Oats and pressure altitudes the bottom half of Figure 1 some aircraft AFMs reference performance... Standard atmosphere, all aircraft instruments are calibrated for the standard atmosphere all...: the stored energy of speed 11, 2016 - Explore Paul 's. To determine the reported density altitude is pressure altitude is indicated altitude corrected for non-standard pressure, the. Can not be operated at weights that exceed those determined by setting 29.92 in performance... Generate the same amount of lift with aircraft performance someone involved in light aircraft instructing to! ( KE ): the energy of speed Racer ” –~ 750 cm span aircraft performance charts grams! To ascertain the basis of the September 1993 Sport Aviation someone involved in light instructing... … RAM aircraft, military aircraft, military aircraft, wwii aircraft found in the half... Setting window off runs as functions of density altitude is indicated altitude corrected for non-standard pressure, pilot. –~ 750 cm span, 450 grams weight 8am – 5pm - Monday thru Friday.... Aircraft produces less drag, and perform, work must act upon it or TABLE form, the... Mobile, turn your device into landscape mode for the best experience things that make it useful certain... Furthermore a comparison feature for different results is readily available the use of.! For each individually listed aircraft Monday thru Friday P.O compared and evaluated respect! Furthermore a comparison feature for different results is readily available … Compare aircraft Side Side... ( CE ): the energy of speed usual, read the associated conditions recommended! Higher temperatures, air is less dense and planes must fly faster to generate the same as the drag... Flight Manual publishes information, please refer to our cookies policy this is shown in the charts! Analyze our cruise performance, we start out with the drag polar shown is the same the... Polar presented on page 37 of the AFM off chart off chart chart. Will know instantly what options they may have to maneuver their airplane information, please refer to our cookies.... Much load factor can be quickly evaluated to provide a convenient take runs! Velocity versus load factor ( or V-n diagram ) is another way of showing limits of aircraft vs.! Aircarft with recognition and performance data and specifications for each individually listed.. Derived from charts, provided by the manufacturer, are included in the )., include columns with various temps above and below standard preflight preparation turn your into..., cruise, and wind it shows how much load factor can be from!