bactrocera correcta life cycle

Wings are almost entirely hyaline with the subcostal cell yellow, a very faint tinge of yellow along the costal margin in apex of cell R1, and a narrow brown spot at lower apex of cell R3 and upper apex of cell R5. 0 Hosts: Important hosts include mango, peach, orange, jujube and tropical â¦ (a) Pest. Life Cycle of Fruit Fly is divided in to four stages . Wing of an adult guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). In India, males were found to be attracted to tulsi plant (Ocimum sanctum) which yields aromatic oils, 40% of which are methyl eugenol. On the fruit-flies of the genus. life cycle 1 fly F2 2 flies within a 3 mile (4.8 km) radius during 1 If ALL finds are >4.5 miles (7.2 km) from commercial host production area: 8 flies (either sex) within a 3- mile (4.8 km) radius during 1 life cycle. Adult male guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1-353. 1977. tion on the survival of the eggs and larvae of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Graphics by Division of Plant Industry. B. correcta (Guava FF), etc. Pupal duration is â¦ The developmental time of the egg, larva â¦ The Laboratory specializes in applied research, and method development â¦ Figure 10. There is no developmental information on B. correcta, but it is probably similar to B. zonata and B. â¦ Adults usually are collected by use of stickyboard and baited traps. Thoracic-Lateral view of an adult guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). An effort should be made to rear some larvae to adults in order to correctly associate larvae and adults and provide the basis for accurate specific identification. Generally, life cycle of fruit fly indicated six development stages: mating, oviposition, egg, larvae, pupae and adults while the larval have three development stages (1st, 2ndand 3rdinstar). Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) Asian guava fruit fly is less well known than other economic fruit flies, because, in its native areas it usually occurs in mixed assemblages of more aggressive competitors, such as oriental fruit fly and peach fruit fly. This stage of larvae development takes around 10-12 days. The adult female detected in California was found in a methyl eugenol-baited Jackson trap. (as Coffea robusta), Eugenia uniflora L. (as Eugenia mitchelli), Mangifera indica L. (mango), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (peach), Psidium guajava L. (guava), Ricinus communis L. (castor bean, castor-oil-plant, palma christi, wonder tree), Santalum album L. (sandalwood, white sandalwood), Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (as Eugenia jambos) (roseapple), and Ziziphus spp., including Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Full-grown larvae enter the soil for pupariation. Bactrocera correcta has been detected numerous times in California since 1986 and in Florida since 1999 (Anderson and Dixon 2008), but has not become established. Ovipositor of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Ovipositor of female red, rather short, measuring approximately 3.0 mm when fully extended. Legs mostly yellow. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. Once sexual maturity is reached (which takes approximately 9 days), adults engage in the mating process and the life cycle repeats. Results. Kapoor VC, Hardy DE, Agarwal ML, Grewal JS. This study focuses more on life history of B. carambolaethat are need to be determine before any management control takes place. Photograph taken in Australia. Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritide) systematics of the Indian subcontinent. In this study, the response of female B. dorsalis and B. correcta â¦ California Department of Food and Agriculture Pest Detection/Emergency Projects personnel responded promptly by deploying Jackson/methyl eugenol and McPhail traps at 50 traps in the epicenter miles. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta were sourced from their first inâ vaded range in China, from Guangdong province (N 23.40, E 113.22) for B. dorsalis with the annual mean temperature 21.7°C and from Yunnan province (N 23.60, E 102) for B. correcta with the annual mean temperature 25.8°C (Li, Wu, Chen, Wu, & Li, 2012; Liu & Ye, â¦ endstream endobj 246 0 obj <. Accepted 14 April, 2009 The effect of temperature on the development and survival of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta Figure 1. Bactrocera correcta occurs in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. 1973. Piercer gradually tapered to a short point, about 1.0 mm in length. The fruit flies (Tephritidae--Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Both are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol.Malaysia has also completed a thorough nation-wide survey of fruitfly. The wings are clear with a light brown band along the leading edge and a spot at the tip. Dacus (Strumeta) correctus (Bezzi) Anderson PJ, Dixon WN. 293 0 obj <>stream Life History Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. hÞbbd```b``þ"H¦ ÕÌv'@$ÛzÉRYV3,þÌ&÷Ie0é"'öIÆ¢Ý vRd0øYÙ Ù41°;A¤{=\AùX¼DòùÉú[nn»æä&÷ xj B. correcta was recorded for the first time in Tamil Nadu, India, in 1995, where it caused guava fruit damage ranging from 60 to 80%. Photograph taken in Australia. After introduction, it can easily disperse as it has a high reproductive potential, high biotic potential (short life cycle, up to 10 generations of offspring per year depending on temperature), a rapid dispersal ability and a broad host range. Photograph by Jeff Lotz, Division of Plant Industry. Figure 7. %PDF-1.6 %âãÏÓ Bezzi M. 1915. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs in fruit. Oxon, UK. The major fruitfly species in Thailand are Bactrocera correcta and B. dorsalis. Of the two additional adult males detected, one was trapped in a Jackson/methyl eugenol trap hung in a peach tree in Westminster, the other in a Jackson/methyl eugenol trap deployed in a grapefruit tree in Midway City. endstream endobj startxref Microreticulation near base of the ovipositor of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). This is the actual fly captured in Apopka, Florida on 4 May 2001. Hardy (1973) stated that Bactrocera correcta is differentiated from other species known from Thailand and surrounding regions by having the face with the black transverse band at the lower third and by having the costal end of the wing interrupted in cell R3, beyond the tip of vein R2+3. Adults emerge 7 - 10 days later and feed for a period of tiâ¦ He indicated that Bactrocera correcta is readily differentiated by having the mesonotum predominantly black through the median portion of the mesonotum, covered with gray pubescence and with three rather indistinct subshining black, narrow vittae, rather than rufous; and usually by having a complete transverse band in the furrow across the lower part of the face, rather than the usual two black facial spots of related species. Caudal view of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), showing ovipositor sheath and fully extended ovipositor. Larvae hatch in a few days and burrow into interior of the fruit to feed on the pulp for 4 - 12 days. Control programs in this country are based on the use of methyl eugenol, insecticide sprays, poisoned protein hydrolysate bait, and the â¦ The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, is one of the major pests affecting mango (Mangifera indica) and guava (Psidium guajava) production in China. Bezzi (1915) noted that Bactrocera correcta lives in company with Bactrocera zonata (WW Saunders, 1841) and Bactrocera tuberculata (Bezzi, 1915), feeding on the same fruits. The effect of temperature on the development and survival of the guava fruit fly,Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from egg to adultâs pre-ovipositional stage was studied in laboratory under 5 different constant temperatures: 18, 24, 30, 33 and 36°C. Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), often referred to as the "guava fruit fly" (although the larvae of many other species of fruit flies feed on guava - and Anastrepha striata Schiner is also called the "guava fruit fly") (White and Elson-Harris 1994), was detected for the first time in the Western Hemisphere when one female was found on 6 August 1986 in Garden Grove, Orange County, California. Figure 2. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are serious pests of agricultural fruit crops. 245 0 obj <> endobj A quarantine is established against the following pest, its hosts and possible carriers. Closeup of ovipositor tip of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Figure 4. A transcriptional and functional analysis of heat hardening in two invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera correcta Evol Appl . If an infestation were to go unchecked and to become established in U.S. areas such as California or Florida, Bactrocera correcta has the potential to become a major pest of citrus, peach and several kinds of tropical and subtropical fruit hosts. (2008). Genet. However, George Steyskal, in his letter dated 26 August 1986, observed that specimens in the (U.S.) National Museum of Natural History collection, all identified by Hardy, show distinct interruption of the two facial bars. Steck GJ. Larval: Larvae plays a key role in damaging guava fruits as it feeds on fruit pulp for its development. A genetic sexing strain (GSS) is an essential component for pest control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). Figure 3. Bactrocera correcta (Diptera: Tephritidae) Liu, Xiaofei and Ye, Hui* School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Family Tephritidae, pp. Photograph by Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. It is similar to B. zonata but has a predominantly black scutum. In light of â¦ Basal segment short, approximately equal in length to terga 5 and 6 and about 0.8 mm long. Single adults were captured in fruit fly detection trap in Apopka (Orange County) on 4 May 2001, in Oviedo, FL, on 30 July 2001, in Orlando (Orange County) on 29 February 2008 (Anderson and Dixon 2008), and in Orange County in late August 2011. A guava fruit fly. Photograph by Division of Plant Industry. 1980. Export India Publications. The coding sequences of tra were highly conserved in Bactrocera â¦ Hardy DE. â¦ These eggs get hatched within 1-2 days. Bactrocera correcta is a brightly-colored brown and yellow fly approximately 6.0 millimeters (mm) in length. 111 pp. The results show that with B. dorsalis (Liu et al. RT-PCR revealed that B. dorsalis tra (Bdtra) and B. correcta tra (Bctra) transcripts contained conservation of both constitutive exons and male-specific exons as in other Bactrocera.However, new Bdtra male-specific exons were retained, diversifying the pattern of the male-specifically spliced transcripts. Ovipositor tip of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Sterna of both Photograph by Division of Plant Industry. %%EOF Bactrocera correcta is similar to the exotic B. dorsalis but differs in having transverse facial spots, an apical wing spot instead of a costal band and costal cells devoid of microtrichia. Many species of Bactrocera have not been well-studied. A hardening temperature of 35°C produced the largest benefit for B. correcta, while 38°C led to the largest hardening response for B. dorsalis . Photograph by Division of Plant Industry. To compare relative cold treatment tolerance across the economically important tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), four populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), and Bactrocera â¦ This marking sometimes is interrupted in the median portion, but in fully hardened specimens it appears to be complete at least as a narrow brown to black line. Mated females deposit eggs within the flesh of the fruit on a host plant. 11:451. doi: â¦ Bactrocera correcta Interior Quarantine. Egg: Eggs are laid in fruit by female. (ber, jujube, Chinese date). Figure 5. Bactrocera spp., like many fruit flies, rely on warm temperatures and few if any days or nights of cold weather in order to complete their life cycle. White IM, Elson-Harris MM. Keywords: Bactrocera correcta, imaginal disk growth factor 6, RNA interference, death, wing malformation. Within the Bactrocera genus, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) andBactroceratau(Walker)havebeenconsideredeconomically important and widely distributed pests of agricultural crops ... can develop through all or part of its life cycleâ¦ The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium. Larvae of many species of fruit flies are unknown. In his redescription of Bactrocera correcta (as Dacus correctus), Hardy (1973) noted the close relationship of this species with Bactrocera zonata and that the wing markings and morphological details are similar in the two. Bactrocera dorsalis performed better than B. correcta in the 37â40°C hardening range, while B. correcta differed from B. dorsalis in the 34â36°C range. Pupation occurs in the soil. â¦ We monitored the spread of B. correcta in the field during 2017 and 2018, and found that it had â¦ Photograph by Division of Plant Industry. Pyrosequencing reveals a shift in symbiotic bacteria populations across life stages of Bactrocera dorsalis Awawing A. Andongma 1, Lun Wan , Yong-Cheng Dong1, Ping li2, Nicolas Desneux3, Jennifer A. White4 & Chang-Ying Niu1 1College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China, â¦ No stages develop at 15°C or less, the optimum temperature is 25-30°C (Qureshi et al., 1993). Photograph by Division of Plant Industry. Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) originates in South and South-East Asia where it attacks many fruit species (more than 50 host plants), including guavas, mangoes, peach, apricots, figs and citrus. 601 pp. Abdomen rufous above except for black basal marks on terga 2 and 3 and a median black vitta from terga 3 over 5. Cubital cell faintly yellow and no cubital streak developed. This laboratory-based study examined the effects of low-temperature phosphine fumigation on the survival of the eggs and larvae of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Triology, Vol 47, No.1. Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), often referred to as the "guava fruit fly" (although the larvae of many other species of fruit flies feed on guava - and Anastrepha striata Schiner is also called the "guava fruit fly") (White and Elson-Harris 1994), was detected for the first time in the Western Hemisphere when one female was found on 6 August 1986 iâ¦ Thoracic-Lateral view of an adult guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) has also been known as: Chaetodacus correctus Bezzi, 2019 Apr 10;12(6):1147-1163. doi: 10.1111/eva.12793. Figure 9. Figure 6. 44-134. The duration of various immature stages varies at different temperatures. Photograph by Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. The adults laid their eggs in the fruit causing blemishes and discoloration and the larvae bored inside the fruit. 1994. It was first recorded in China in 1982 in Yuanjiang, in southern Yunnan Province. Anterior view of an adult guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). Guava Fruit Fly (Bactrocera correcta), ... A life cycle is an estimate of insect phenology based on a heat degree day temperature driven model. It has spread to other parts of the world, in particular to several countries in the Near East and to Egypt. The results the femalesâ mean longevity of D. ciliatus may also help to understand the life cycle was 42.0 days at 25 C. strategy of B. zonata and D. ciliatus in its Temperature is â¦ Two additional adult males were detected in Orange County on 9 August 1986. The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an invasive pest of fruit and vegetable crops that primarily inhabits Southeast Asia and which has the potential to become a major threat within both the Oriental and Australian oceanic regions as well as California and Florida. CAB International. In recent years, B. â¦ Jallundur, India. ... LIFE CYCLE. Photograph by Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. Within Florida, two flies were captured in the Titusville area (Brevard County) in August 1999. Figure 8. The following is a generalized life history for Bactrocera fruit flies. Trapping in the surrounding 80 square miles was increased to five Jackson/methyl eugenol traps per square mile. Larvae can be collected from infested fruit, killed in boiling water, and placed in 50% alcohol for two days, then to 75% isopropyl alcohol, but specific identification based solely upon larvae is difficult. Bactrocera zonata, in India called "the Ranchi peach-pest," is very injurious to peach, mango, and several other fruits, including ripe Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (Bael fruit), Careya arborea Roxb., Ficus carica L. (cultivated fig, common fig, lemon fig), Lagenaria vulgaris (white gourd), and Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen (as Achras sapota) (sapodilla), all of which must be considered potential hosts of Bactrocera correcta. 2005). I 10/9/01 EXOTIC FRUIT FLY REGULATORY RESPONSE MANUAL 5A.1 SECTION 5: APPENDIX A â FFHM LISTS Section 5, Appendix A: Fruit Fly Host Material Lists Common Name Scientific Name For integrated management of both Bactrocera species, understanding their olfactory behavior is vital for designing reliable control strategies. 274 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[245 49]/Info 244 0 R/Length 132/Prev 202667/Root 246 0 R/Size 294/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Individual flies at different developmental stages, from 6-h-old eggs to third instars, were exposed to 0.92 mg/liter phosphine for 1â7 d at 5°C. Figure 11. Photograph taken in Australia. In his original description of Bactrocera correcta (as Chaetodacus correctus, Bezzi (1915)) stated that Bactrocera correcta was very near Dacus zonatus (now Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) - the peach fruitfly), but it is distinguished by the color of the thorax, and chiefly by the facial black spots being united to form a black transverse band; the whitish cross-band on the second abdominal segment is less developed, and the hind tibiae of the male are distinctly tuberculate before the end, similar to that of two closely related species, Bactrocera zonata (previously Dacus zonatus) and Bactrocera tuberculata (Bezzi) (previously Dacus tuberculatus). The adult lifespan for B. dorsalis is about 90 days, and the flies have been reported to travel up to 30 miles in search of new egg laying sites and food, such as decaying fruit and plant nectar. Description Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi, 1916), commonly known as the guava fruit fly, is of concern as an invasive pest in tropical and subtropical countries. Most species that have been investigated demonstrate that the life cycle can be accomplished more quickly during warmer temperatures than in even slightly less warm â¦ Base developmental temperature thresholds are The other principle species recorded were B. dorsalis and B. zonata, although they were not as abundant as B. correcta. Trap density in the area of the original finds was five traps per square mile. sexes entirely yellow. Adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi). (August 2002). hÞb```f``ºÇÀÊÀ yA2,@Èqa}6ÿsß30u40HtÅ430ô20Ê°ìfÜÁhÍªÄüQE5ÅeËÖ z|×0ÌIídÔqûÄ0G)á?ïPX¾*0& 7YÌä Ê0 ~ë Front. Immature stages of Bactrocera correcta have not been described in the literature, and specimens were unavailable to the senior author from which to prepare descriptions. Hardy DE. Photograph taken in Australia. A GSS is developed using a combination of Y-autosome translocation and a selectable marker such as pupal color, resulting in heterozygous males and homozygous females that possess wild â¦ Bactrocera correcta is a brightly colored little fly, predominately black with lateral yellow stripes, approximately 5.4 mm in length. The larvae then drop from the fruit to pupate in the soil. Both species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in Asia. Citation: Zhao Y, Li Z, Gu X, Su Y and Liu L (2020) Imaginal Disc Growth Factor 6 (Idgf6) Is Involved in Larval and Adult Wing Development in Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Photograph by Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. Bactrocera zonata Bezzi. The Insect Pest Control Subprogramme carries out Research and Development activities (R&D) at the Insect Pest Control Laboratory located at the FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories in Seibersdorf, 35 km southeast of Vienna. 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A predominantly black scutum a period of tiâ¦ the duration of various immature stages at... For Bactrocera fruit flies are unknown wing malformation eugenol.Malaysia has also completed a thorough survey!, Bactrocera correcta ( Bezzi ) on fruit pulp for 4 - 12 days approximately 3.0 mm when extended! Wing of an adult female guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta ( Bezzi ) correcta is a generalized history! The soil it is similar to B. zonata, although they were not as abundant as B. correcta, 38°C... Is vital for designing reliable control strategies stages varies at different temperatures pests of agricultural fruit crops 12 6... Hosts include Citrus spp., Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehn B. carambolaethat are need to be determine before any control! 1982 in Yuanjiang, in southern Yunnan Province flesh of the original finds was traps. Takes place al., 1993 ), Pakistan, Nepal, Sri,... 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